![]() ![]() This is of course not practical under most circumstances and a representative sample (or samples) of the media must instead be collected and tested. Ideally, the entire, targeted volume of soil or other targeted media (e.g., sediment, water or air) included in a DU would be collected and sent to the laboratory for analysis. ![]() This Section discusses the use of Multi Increment sampling methods to accomplish this objective. In most cases this will involve an estimation of the mean concentration of contaminants of concern for each DU. A DU is and area and volume of soil for which a decision is to be made. Section 3 discusses the importance of Decision Unit (DU) designation as part of the Systematic Planning process of an environmental investigation. Section 4.4 Common DU-MIS Investigation Mistakes and ProblemsĤ.4.2 Data Gaps Between Surface DUs or Subsurface DU LayersĤ.4.6 Co-located Discrete Samples and Increment SplitsĤ.4.8 Inadequate Subsample Mass for AnalysisĤ-1 Variability of Mean Contaminant Concentration within Progressively Smaller Areas and Volumes of Soil within an Initially Designated DUĤ-2 Mass of Soil Typically Tested by a LaboratoryĤ-3 Study Site C in 2014 HDOH Field Investigation of Discrete Sample VariabilityĤ-4 Example “Inter-Sample” Variability of PCB Concentrations in SoilĤ-5 Example “Intra-Sample” Variability of PCB Concentrations in SoilĤ-6 Photomicrograph of Possible PCB-Infused Nugget of Silty SoilĤ-7 Arsenic-Infused Nuggets of Iron-Hydroxide in Volcanic SoilĤ-9 Example Increment Collection Locations Based on a Systematic Random Grid SchemeĤ-10 Examples of Simple Random (a) and Stratified Random (b) Increment Location Patterns and Collection of Closely Spaced Increments from More Widely Spaced Rows (c)Ĥ-11 Systematic Increment Locations for Odd Shaped DUsĤ-12 Example Collection of Increment Location Points for Triplicate MI SamplesĤ-13 Example Flag Placement for Collection of Increments in the FieldĤ-14 Collection of Increments in a Long, Narrow DUĤ-16 Core-shaped Versus Wedge-shaped IncrementsĤ-17 Increments Combined to Generate 1-2 kg, Bulk Multi Increment SampleĤ-18 Use of a Sectorial Splitter to Collect SubsamplesĤ-19 Manual Collection of Subsamples in the LaboratoryĤ-20 Puck and ring mill, used to crush small masses of soil to very fine grain sizeĤ-21 Ball mill with ceramic cylinders used for moderate crushing of large soil volumesĤ-22 Example Pattern of Increment Collection for Triplicate MI SamplesĤ-23 DU Layer Replicates Collected from Separate Sets of Cores to Test Precision of Data with Respect to Distributional HeterogeneityĤ-24 Collection of Increment Subsample Replicates (Triplicates) from Core IncrementsĤ-25 Collection of large-mass discrete soil samples from multiple locations around a single sampling point in order to improve data representativenessĤ-26 Unadjusted Isoconcentration Map Generated from Discrete Sample Arsenic Data at Nine-Acre, Former Sugar Mill FacilityĤ-27 Adjusted Arsenic Isoconcentration MapĤ-28 Example DUs Designated for Former Sugar Mill FacilityĤ-29 Four Possible Relationships between Bias and PrecisionĤ-30 Limited “Compositing” and “Dilution” Allowed Under TSCA to Reduce Laboratory CostsĤ-31 Theoretical Compositing of Multi Increment samplesĤ-1 Approximate Increment Spacing for Decision Unit Area (see Equation 1)Ĥ-2 Recommended Adjustment of Multi Increment Data for Decision Making Based on Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of Replicate SamplesĪppendices: Recommendations for MIS Field Preservation or Laboratory Subsampling Based on Overall Chemical StabilityĪppendix 4-A1 Volatile Chemicals Requiring Field Preservation of Soil Sample IncrementsĪppendix 4-A2a Semi-volatile or Otherwise Unstable Chemicals Requiring Laboratory Subsampling of Soil Samples Prior to ProcessingĪppendix 4-A2b Physiochemical Constants for Targeted PAHs ![]() Section 4.2 Use of Multi increment Samples to Characterize DUsĤ.2.1 Multi Increment Sampling MethodologyĤ.2.5.1 Locating Increment Collection PointsĤ.2.5.2 Increment and Bulk Sample CollectionĤ.2.6.4 Semi-Volatile and Unstable ChemicalsĤ.2.8 Evaluation of Data RepresentativenessĤ.2.8.2 Review of Replicate Data PrecisionĤ.2.8.3 Additional Statistical Analysis of Replicate Sample DataĤ.2.8.4 Proposals for Alternative Sampling MethodsĤ.2.9.1 Multi Increment Soil Sample Collection for Volatile AnalysesĤ.2.9.2 Collection of Subsurface Multi Increment SamplesĤ.2.9.3 Collection of Multi Increment Samples for StockpilesĤ.3.1 Interpretation and Presentation of Isocontour MapsĤ.3.3 Estimation of Mean Contaminant Concentrations in Risk Assessments Section 4.1 Sampling Theory and Variability of Contaminant Concentrations in SoilĤ.1.1 Large-Scale and Small-Scale VariabilityĤ.1.2 Implications of Random, Small-Scale VariabilityĤ.1.3 Use of Sampling Theory and Multi Increment Sampling to Improve Sample Representativeness ![]()
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